The The installation of photovoltaic panels must always be carried out by a specialized company with experience in this type of installation.. A process that needs to be taken care of from start to finish, in addition to having subsequent maintenance and consisting of various stages:
- Assembling the plate supports.
- Cover fixing.
- Fixing the solar panels.
- Connecting the system to the inverter.
- Connecting the inverter to the electrical panel.
- Connecting the batteries in the case of isolated installations.
In addition, it is necessary to strictly adhere to it guidelines and regulations in electrical matters, urbanística and safety and health. For this, it is necessary to have various protections at all times, both those related to the height and location where the work is carried out, as well as those related to the electrical risks associated with the installation of the installation.
Before carrying out any type of self-consumption installation, we must consider the following factors:
- The dimensions of the house and the roofas well as the orientation, inclination and type of its dwelling.
- He current electricity consumption and contracted power and a projection of future needs.
The installation of solar panels is a painstaking process that consists of several steps and must be carried out with great care to guarantee the correct operation of the installation.
Therefore, we must rely on a installation company. This company must takes care of requesting the appropriate approvals and informing the client about possible aids and subsidies.
Stages prior to the installation of solar panels for self-consumption
Before starting any solar panel installation work, a number of factors must be considered:
- First, we need to get one photovoltaic installation proposal based on the housing\’s possibilities, as well as its consumption, being, for example, by simulate a sending an electricity bill.
- Second, the energy company will make you a specific proposal tailored to your circumstances.
- In the third will be responsible for Carry out all the necessary procedures and licenses to obtain installation permits at the appropriate town hall.
Once all these previous steps are done, we can start with the photovoltaic installation on the roof of our house or building.
The first step: Mounting the supports of the photovoltaic installation
Before positioning the solar panels on the roof of the house or building, it is necessary to To place the supports for them. Depending on the type and inclination of the roof of the house, we have to use one type of structure or another.
For example, the supports may not be the same on a roof where the modules are laid coplanar to it than on a flat roof where the modules must be tilted to achieve greater energy efficiency.
Second step: Fixing the structure and panels to the roof
Once the place where it will be located is decided structure on the cover you have to fix it to it and position the solar panels on it. Depending on the type of its inclination, this process is carried out in different ways.
The most common in our country is that the roof is leaning between and 20 and and 35º which favors the kidneyprovision of THE installation, and with the Arab type tile. The anchoring of the supporting structure varies depending on the roof it is anchored to.
Once Once the structure is anchored to the roof of the house, the modules are placed and fixed on it, connected together to later connect to the inverter.
Third step: Connecting to the electric inverter
The the panel connection is made in series between the modules of the same row and in parallel to connect the rows between them. This is done by the so-called MC4 connectors to connect the modules in parallel or directly to the inverter.
It is important that the connection is strong, otherwise it will have a negative impact on the overall performance of the installation. The total electrical generation of the module system is led to the same point, thus reaching the inverter.
Then a connection is made to conducts all the energy collected by each panel through solar radiation in the form of electric current to the inverterwhich is located at a point close to the electrical panel of the house.
The inverter must be protected from the sun\’s rays, so it is recommended to place it inside the house. Thanks to the inverter, the electricity it receives in the form of direct current is converted into alternating current, which is what is used on a daily basis.
Fourth step: Connecting the batteries
If we decided to store the energy that is generated, we need to achieve a optimal connection of batteries. For this, you must have a hybrid inverter to be capable of handling battery charging and dischargingbecause they are the most expensive and delicate element of the system.
The batteries can be connected in parallel, in series or in series and in parallel, always with the same batteries. With parallel connections, the capacity of the batteries is doubled, maintaining the same voltage.
With the series connection, the capacity of the batteries is maintained, but the voltage is doubled. And finally, if you opt for a series and parallel connection, both the capacity and voltage will double.
